Preflop
Defending here is fine.
Flop
With a 15 out draw I prefer check-raising over calling. You have 50%
equity against a hand like AQ/KQ, so you are happy stacking it off, if he jam on you, and at the same time you do benefit from folding out bluffs like the one, he had.
Turn
At this point I would fold. You are facing an overbet, so you need at least 40% equity to call, and against any kind of reasonable range you only have 30%. Him showing up with a complete airball is definitely an outlier, and even then you were only flipping.
Conclusion
Your turn call is a pretty big mistake, even though you were by some sort of miracle getting the right
odds against his exact hand. If you check-raise flop, he most likely go away, or if he jam then, you get it in with 71% equity rather than just 48%. A 15 out draw is extremely strong on the flop but not so much on the turn.